💊 What it does
Pycnogenol (French maritime pine bark extract) is a standardised mixture of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) — powerful antioxidants that have multiple physiological effects: they improve endothelial function and circulation, reduce inflammation, lower blood pressure, improve blood glucose, support skin health, and have antithrombotic properties. The clinical evidence base is extensive, covering cardiovascular health, diabetes management, venous insufficiency, sports performance, cognitive function, and skin elasticity. Grape seed extract provides similar OPCs at a lower cost.
👤 Who needs it
People with poor circulation or venous insufficiency (varicose veins, leg swelling). Those with cardiovascular risk factors. People with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. Athletes seeking reduced muscle soreness and improved recovery. Those interested in skin health and anti-ageing. People with ADHD seeking natural cognitive support (growing evidence).
🥦 Food sources first
OPCs are found in grape seeds, grape skin, blueberries, cranberries, red wine, dark chocolate, and pine bark. The concentration in food is much lower than in standardised extracts. Red wine and dark chocolate are popular but the alcohol and sugar context limits their utility as health foods.
🗓 When to supplement
For cardiovascular support and circulation improvement. For diabetes management as an adjunct to dietary measures. For sports recovery. For skin health.
🏷 Best form to look for
Pycnogenol is the most clinically studied branded form (French maritime pine bark). Grape seed extract (OPCs from Vitis vinifera) provides similar compounds at significantly lower cost and with a reasonable evidence base. Standardised to OPC/proanthocyanidin content.
⏰ When to take it
With meals. Twice daily dosing for consistent cardiovascular effects.